BY MYRAH ZAFAR
Hangor Day, observed annually on December 9th, is a significant event in Pakistan’s history that pays tribute to the remarkable achievements of the submarine PNS Hangor (S-131) during the 1971 Indo-Pak War. This day serves as a reminder of an extraordinary chapter in naval warfare, highlighting courage, strategic brilliance, and the Pakistan Navy’s steadfast commitment to protecting the nation’s maritime borders. The legacy of PNS Hangor is one of resilience, tactical excellence, and an enduring symbol of the Pakistan Navy’s strength.
The PNS Hangor was a French-built Daphne-class diesel-electric submarine that played a pivotal role during the conflict. On December 9, 1971, while patrolling the Arabian Sea near the Indian coastline, the submarine achieved a historic milestone by sinking the Indian Navy frigate INS Khukri. This victory was not just a significant strategic success but also a historic moment in global naval warfare. It marked the first successful submarine kill since World War II, a feat that placed PNS Hangor and its crew in the annals of military history.
In addition to sinking INS Khukri, PNS Hangor also damaged another Indian Navy frigate, INS Kirpan. This double achievement dealt a severe blow to the enemy’s morale and disrupted their maritime strategy. The operation demonstrated the effectiveness of underwater warfare and showcased the growing maritime capabilities of the Pakistan Navy at a time when the region was engulfed in conflict. PNS Hangor’s success highlighted not only its advanced capabilities but also the exceptional skill and bravery of its crew.
The operation’s success was the result of meticulous planning and precise execution. Commander Ahmed Tasnim, who later rose to the rank of Vice Admiral, led the submarine’s crew with exceptional courage and tactical expertise. The crew’s ability to navigate the challenging environment and evade the aggressive counterattacks by the Indian Navy was a testament to their training and resilience. Following the sinking of INS Khukri and the damage inflicted on INS Kirpan, the Indian Navy launched an extensive anti-submarine campaign involving ships and aircraft. Despite these intense efforts to locate and destroy PNS Hangor, the submarine successfully evaded detection and returned safely to Karachi. This feat further solidified its legendary status in naval history.
The success of PNS Hangor in the face of overwhelming odds highlighted the strategic importance of submarines in modern naval warfare. It also showcased the Pakistan Navy’s ability to outmanoeuvre and outsmart a superior force. The psychological impact of this operation on the enemy was profound, demonstrating that even a single well-commanded submarine could challenge and disrupt a larger naval force. The bravery and skill of PNS Hangor’s crew became a source of pride for Pakistan and an inspiration for future generations of naval officers.
Hangor Day is more than a celebration of a military victory; it is a testament to the courage and dedication of the Pakistan Navy. Each year, the day is marked by ceremonies, documentaries, and public events that recount the significance of the operation. These commemorations honour the sacrifices made by the crew of PNS Hangor and remind the nation of the strategic importance of its naval forces. The day serves as a powerful reminder of Pakistan’s ability to defend its sovereignty and maintain its maritime security in the face of external threats.
After its decommissioning, PNS Hangor was preserved as a museum submarine in Karachi, where it continues to inspire visitors and naval officers alike. The submarine stands as a monument to naval excellence, a tangible reminder of the heroics displayed during the 1971 war. Its preservation ensures that future generations can learn about the bravery, resilience, and tactical acumen that defined the crew of PNS Hangor. The submarine’s legacy is a source of national pride and a symbol of the strategic importance of underwater warfare.
The significance of Hangor Day extends beyond the confines of history and tradition. It underscores the evolving role of naval forces in modern warfare and the importance of maintaining a robust maritime defense strategy. PNS Hangor’s achievements demonstrated that technological superiority, when combined with strategic brilliance and skilled personnel, can turn the tide of battle. This lesson remains relevant in today’s geopolitical landscape, where maritime security continues to be a critical aspect of national defence.
As the world evolves, so too does the nature of warfare. The achievements of PNS Hangor highlight the need for innovation and adaptability in military strategy. The submarine’s success during the 1971 war demonstrated that even in the most challenging circumstances, a well-prepared and determined force can achieve greatness. Hangor Day is a celebration of this principle, a day to honour the past while looking toward the future with renewed determination.
The story of PNS Hangor is one of resilience and triumph against overwhelming odds. It is a reminder of the sacrifices made by the Pakistan Navy and the enduring spirit of its personnel. Hangor Day celebrates this spirit, ensuring that the legacy of PNS Hangor lives on in the hearts and minds of the nation. It serves as a beacon of inspiration for future generations, reminding them of the importance of courage, determination, and strategic thinking in the face of adversity.
